Materi Pelajaran IPA Kelas 8 SMP/MTs Kurikulum 2013 Semester I Edisi Revisi Terbaru

Sahabat Edukasi yang berbahagia... Berikut materi pelajaran IPA (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam) Kelas VIII SMP/MTs Kurikulum 2013 Edisi Revisi Terbaru untuk Semester 1 lengkap:

Bab 1 Gerak Benda dan Makhluk Hidup di Lingkungan Sekitar ... 1

A. Konsep Gerak ...................................................................... 2

1. Gerak Lurus .......................................................................................... 4

2. Gaya ....................................................................................................... 10

3. Hukum Newton ................................................................................ 11

B. Sistem Gerak Manusia ........................................................ 23

1. Rangka .................................................................................................. 23

2. Sendi ...................................................................................................... 29

3. Otot ........................................................................................................ 33

4. Gangguan dan Kelainan pada Sistem Gerak dan Upaya Mencegah serta Mengatasinya. 39

5. Upaya Menjaga Kesehatan Sistem Gerak pada Manusia ........... 43

C. Sistem Gerak pada Hewan ................................................. 44

1. Gerak Hewan dalam Air ..................................................................... 46

2. Gerak Hewan di Udara ....................................................................... 47

3. Gerak Hewan di Darat ........................................................................ 48

D. Sistem Gerak pada Tumbuhan .......................................... 49

1. Gerak Endonom .................................................................................. 52

2. Gerak Higroskopis............................................................................... 53

3. Gerak Esionom .................................................................................... 54

Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 66

Bab 2 Usaha dan Pesawat Sederhana dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari ............... 75

A. Usaha................................................................................... 76

B. Pesawat Sederhana ............................................................ 80

1. Jenis-jenis Pesawat Sederhana ........................................................ 81

2. Prinsip Kerja Pesawat Sederhana

pada Sistem Gerak Manusia ............................................................. 90

Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 99

Bab 3 Struktur dan Fungsi Tumbuhan ............................................. 105

A. Struktur dan Fungsi Akar, Batang, Daun, dan Bunga ..... 107

1. Struktur dan Fungsi Akar .................................................................. 109

2. Struktur dan Fungsi Batang ............................................................. 111

3. Struktur dan Fungsi Daun ................................................................ 113

4. Struktur dan Fungsi Bunga .............................................................. 117

5. Struktur dan Fungsi Buah dan Biji .................................................. 118

B. Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan Tumbuhan ........................ 119

1. Jaringan Meristem ............................................................................. 119

2. Jaringan Dewasa ................................................................................ 122

3. Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan pada Akar ........................................ 127

4. Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan pada Batang ................................... 131

5. Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan pada Daun ...................................... 134

C. Teknologi yang Terinspirasi dari Struktur Jaringan Tumbuhan ..................... 136

1. Panel Surya (Solar Cell) ...................................................................... 136

2. Sensor Cahaya .................................................................................... 139

3. Lapisan Pelindung dan Pengilap ..................................................... 140

4. Alat Pemurnian Air ............................................................................. 141

Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 149

Bab 4 Sistem Pencernaan Manusia .................................................. 155

A. Nutrisi ................................................................................. 156

1. Kebutuhan Energi ....................................................................................... 159

2. Jenis Nutrisi ................................................................................................... 164

B. Struktur dan Fungsi Sistem Pencernaan Makanan pada Manusia ................................. 180

1. Organ Pencernaan Utama ................................................................. 181

2. Organ Pencernaan Tambahan .......................................................... 188

C. Gangguan pada Sistem Pencernaan dan Upaya untuk Mencegah atau Menanggulanginya... 192

1. Obesitas ............................................................................................... 193

2. Karies Gigi ............................................................................................ 194

3. Mag (Gastritis) .................................................................................... 194

4. Hepatitis ............................................................................................... 195

5. Diare ..................................................................................................... 196

6. Konstipasi ............................................................................................ 196

7. Gejala Kekurangan Vitamin ............................................................. 197

8. Gejala Kekurangan Mineral.............................................................. 197

Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 204

Bab 5 Zat Aditif dan Zat Adiktif ........................................................ 209

A. Zat Aditif ............................................................................. 211

1. Pewarna ................................................................................................ 213

2. Pemanis ................................................................................................ 219

3. Pengawet .............................................................................................. 221

4. Penyedap .............................................................................................. 222

5. Pemberi Aroma ................................................................................... 223

6. Pengental ............................................................................................. 224

7. Pengemulsi .......................................................................................... 225

B. Zat Adiktif ........................................................................... 227

1. Jenis-jenis Zat Adiktif ........................................................................ 227

2. Dampak Penggunaan Zat Adiktif bagi Kesehatan ...................... 232

C. Upaya Pencegahan Diri dari Bahaya Narkoba ................. 237

Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 249

Bab 6 Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia .......................................... 253

A. Struktur dan Fungsi Sistem Peredaran Darah.................. 255

1. Darah ..................................................................................................... 255

2. Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah ......................................................... 263

B. Gangguan atau Kelainan pada Sistem Peredaran

Darah dan Upaya untuk Mencegah serta Menanggulanginya ............... 272

1. Jantung Koroner ................................................................................ 272

2. Stroke ................................................................................................... 275

3. Varises ................................................................................................... 275

4. Anemia ................................................................................................. 276

5. Hipertensi dan Hipotensi ................................................................. 277

Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 283

Informasi Pelaku Penerbitan ............................................................ 287

Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................... 301

Glosarium ........................................................................................... 306

Indeks .......................................... ...................................................... 319

Catatan ............................................................................................... 324

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